GC-MS分析不同品种桃仁的脂溶性成分

目的分析不同品种桃仁的脂溶性成分。方法采用索氏提取法和热榨法提取,运用GC-MS法分析桃仁的脂溶性成分,并对不同品种的桃仁进行相似度和聚类分析。结果共鉴定出21种化合物,峰面积百分率达90%以上,其中主要化合物8种;聚类分析结果与桃仁的品种分类一致。结论 3种桃仁的脂溶性成分存在明显种间差异,采用热榨法大规模提取桃仁中的脂溶性成分可行。     

Cervix cancer oxygenation measured following external radiation therapy

Purpose: Tumor hypoxia may be an important factor predicting relapse following radiation therapy. This study was designed to determine the relationship between the oxygenation parameters measured using a polarographic oxygen electrode, prior to and during treatment in patients with cervix cancer, and to assess these results with regard to patient survival.Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients had pretreatment oxygen assays performed and measurements repeated following external beam radiation to a median dose of 50 Gy (range 26–52 Gy). Stage distribution showed 15 patients in Stage IB, 17 in Stage II, and 11 in Stage III. The median tumor size was 5 cm (range 3–10 cm).Results: The median proportion of pO₂ values <5 mm Hg (the HP₅) was 41% following radiation, and the median pO₂ was 12 mm Hg. These results were not significantly different from the pretreatment HP₅ or pO₂ of 37% and 12 mm Hg, respectively. Disease-free survival at 2 years was 50% in patients with posttreatment HP₅ ≤50%, compared to 60% when posttreatment HP₅ was >50% (p = 0.35).Conclusions: Unlike pretreatment results, tumour oxygenation measured following external radiation does not appear to be a useful predictive assay in patients with cervical cancer.     

Spinal muscular atrophy due to a “de novo” 1.3 Mb deletion: Implication for genetic counseling

We report a 3-year-old female with type I spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) born to a young and non-consanguineous couple. The child presented at two months of life with intense muscle weakness affecting predominantly proximal portions of the limbs, especially the legs, muscle hypotonia, fasciculation of the tongue, and severe respiratory muscle involvement. She remained in an intensive care unit with an assisted ventilation system from the fourth month of life. She died at 3 years of age from pulmonary infection. Molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of SMA but revealed that only the father was an asymptomatic carrier. Because SMN1 is mapped in a complex region containing repetitive elements due to an inverted duplication of approximately 500 kb, we carry out an SNP array and detected a 1.3 Mb deletion including the SMN1 and SMN2 genes that explain the disease.     

五味子-细辛药对抗哮喘活性部位筛选

目的:筛选五味子-细辛药对抗哮喘的活性部位。方法:采用氯化乙酰胆碱磷酸组胺引喘法、小鼠氨水引咳法和气管酚红排泌法,观察该药对5种提取物(五味子挥发油、五味子水提液、五味子总酸、细辛挥发油及细辛水提液)对豚鼠的平喘、小鼠的镇咳和祛痰作用。结果:豚鼠分别ig五味子挥发油、细辛挥发油,豚鼠哮喘潜伏期显著延长,其它3种提取物均无显著作用;小鼠分别ig五味子挥发油、五味子水提液、五味子总酸、细辛挥发油,小鼠咳嗽潜伏期显著或极显著地延长,咳嗽次数极显著地减少,细辛水提液无显著作用;小鼠分别ig五味子挥发油、五味子水提液、五味子总酸、细辛挥发油,小鼠气管酚红排泌量均极显著地增多,细辛水提液无显著作用。结论:该药对的平喘活性部位可能为五味子挥发油和细辛挥发油,镇咳及祛痰活性部位可能为五味子挥发油、五味子水提液、五味子总酸、细辛挥发油。     

EGFR exon 20 insertions in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A new history begins

Although targeted therapy is standard of care in a large subset of oncogenic addicted non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), until recently, this therapeutic approach has not been feasible for all genomic alterations such as for those tumors harboring Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. Despite being the third most common EGFR mutation, a limited efficacy of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) exists. This is related to the heterogeneity at the molecular level in EGFR ex20ins mutation variants and the finding that this mutation promotes active kinase conformation but does not increase the affinity for EGFR TKI. As a result, the prognosis of this population is diminished. Therefore, chemotherapy remained the most suitable strategy in this subset of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients. Recently, new treatment strategies have been reported in this landscape, either with new EGFR TKI or bispecific antibodies, which may establish a new standard of care in the coming future for these patients. Future research should focus on elucidating the oncogenic degree of all EGFR ex20ins variants, the potential role of combination strategies either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the most appropriate first-line treatment strategy in this subgroup. Finally, the knowledge of mechanisms of acquired resistance to these new agents upon progression is a priority for personalising treatment at that time. It is in this framework, that we provide a thorough overview on this subject.